https://doi.org/10.1007/s13314-015-0158-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13314-015-0158-1, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Growth of the algae is mostly superficial and appears as raised blotches or patches ranging in inch on leaves.Leaf spots appear initially as a grayish green,brown or orange­like color Spots develop a velvety, cushion­like appearance on the plant surface as a result of the algal colony. The disease is characterized by initial green coloured patches, as and when disease advances the organism turns red rusty spots on the leaves and young twig. ... 9.2 Causal organism This leaf spot is caused by Pestalotia jodhpurensis. The black spot symptoms start as small black spots on the upper surface of the leaves. causing disease in Thailand. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. But, before we dive in, here is brief guide about this disease of guava: Algal leaf spot as the name implies is a disease that affects the growth of guava by reducing the … The disease does not cause severe economic loss. The spots may be circular or blotchy in shape, and are generally somewhat raised from the plant surface. The morphology of the algae (thallus, filamentous cells, sporangiophore, sporangia, gametangia and zoospore) were examined and found to consistently match the species Cephaleuros virescens. Leaf tissues are colonized beneath the epidermis by algal filaments, but host cells are not penetrated (Chapman and Henk 1985). Anthracnose is a general word used to describe different varieties of diseases that cause damaging effects on vegetables, fruits, and trees. Cephaleuros spp. Symptoms of the disease occurred on the leaves and fruit. Like other plants, Para rubber is attacked by several pathogens and one of the most frequently found is a leaf spot caused by a phytoparasitic algae. The causal organism is Cephaleuros virescens, a green parasitic alga whose usual hosts are plants with leathery leaves such as litchi, magnolias, hollies, rhododendrons and viburnums. It has been previously reported that algal leaf spot disease on rubber plants in Sri Lanka is caused by Cephaleuros parasiticus (Karst) (Munasinghe 1961; Jayasinghe 2001). Correspondence to Australasian Plant Dis. Furthermore, C. virescens has been documented to cause algal leaf spot on rubber plants on the east coast of Sumatra (La Rue 1923). Show abstract. Hendersonia rot Hendersonia creberrima. © Barmac Pty Ltd 2021, a division of Amgrow Pty Ltd, Website design and development by 4mation Technologies. Anurag Sunpapao. syringae; P. cichorii. 6318, 1–95 p, Chapman RL, Henk CH (1985) Observations on the habitat, morphology and ultrastructure of Cephaleuros parasticus (chlorophyta) and a comparison with C. virescens. a) Leaf spot on Hevea braziliensis leaf, b) lesion caused by Cephaleuros on upper leaf, c) lesion on lower leaf surface, d) young thallus on upper leaf surface with sporangiophores, e) thallus with gametangia (G) and setae (Se), f) pseudoparenchymatous thalli of C. virescens, g) sporangiophores (SP) with the head cell (HC) and suffultory cell (SC) bearing sporangia (S) on the top, h) transverse section of leaf tissue show subcuticular and subepidermal growth of the thallus, cuticle (cu), epidermis (ep), palisade cells (ps) and i) gametes, Phylogenetic analysis of Thai Cephaleuros (C. virescens PSU-PR01) and other green alga (Trentepohliaceae, Chlorophyta) based on 18S rDNA sequences. To summarize the main results, the plant parasite causing algal leaf spot was identified as Cephaleuros virescens, and in sequencing-based phylogenetic analysis the Cephaleuros PSU-R5.1 isolate from rambutan grouped with the algae in genus Cephaleuros. During September 2015, we observed orange to dark-brown algal leaf spots on leaves of Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen (sapodilla, lamoot) in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Some Soil Algae from Enhanted Rock and Related Algal Species. Bacterial leaf spot Burkholderia andropogonis (Smith) Gillis et al. Bacterial causal agent: Pseudomonas syringae pv. predominantly occur in tropical and subtropical regions. Recently, Cephaleuros solutus was reported causing a leaf spot on durian in Thailand (Pitaloka et al. Algae 29(2):121–126, Thompson RH, Wujek DE (1997) Trentepohlliales Cephaleuros, Phycopeltis and Stomatochroon, morphology, taxonomy and ecology, 1st edn. A 94 % sequence identity confirmed it to be a member of the Cephaleuros group. To confirm the result from morphological characteristics, thallus of Cephaleuros was cultured on Bold’s basal medium (Bischoff and Bold 1963; Andersen 2005) and subjected to DNA extraction and PCR amplification. Fruit Canker (Restalotia psidii Pat.) Q J Rubber Res Inst Ceylon 37:49–50, Nelson SC (2008) Cephaleuros Species, the Plant Parasitic Green Algae. Neighbor joining tree showing the genetic relationships of Thai Cephaleuros (PSU-PR01) was in the same clade with Cephaleuros genus, while well separated from the other genus (Fig. an important fruit of subtropical countries is affected by about 177 pathogens of which, 167 are fungal, 3 bacterial, 3 algal, 3 nematodes and one epiphyte. The genus Cephaleuros is a member of the Algal leaf spot is a foliar disease most commonly seen in warm, humid climates or in greenhouses. is a large- sized, evergreen tree belonging to … The causal organism is a green parasitic alga whose usual hosts are plants with leathery leaves such as cotoneasters, magnolias, hollies, rhododendrons, and viburnums. The presence of the pathogen on the leaf reduces the photosynthetic leaf area thereby affecting the growth of the tree. Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. Based on the symptoms observed and microscopic morphological studies, the recovered pathogen was identified as Cephaleuros virescens . This nucleotide sequence was deposited in GenBank with accession number (AB984776) and compared to known Cephaleuros and other algal genus on the NCBI (the National Center for Biotechnology Information) databases. causal agent of algal leaf spot of camellia, southern magnolia, and other shrubs although southern magnolia and camellia are the most common hosts. multiplex Schaad et al. ALGAL LEAF SPOT. However, in summer when the alga is reproducing, the spots take on a velvety, red-brown appearanc… Black spot is the most serious disease on roses in Florida. The morphology of the algae (thallus, filamentous cells, sporangiophore, sporangia, gametangia and zoospore) were examined and found to consistently match the species Cephaleuros virescens. Bootstrap values are shown on the branches and the GenBank accession number are shown in parentheses. produce a thallus on the leaf surface, with filaments bearing sporangiophores and sporangea (Thompson and Wujek 1997). The causal organism is Cephaleuros virescens, a green parasitic alga whose usual hosts are plants with leathery leaves such as cotoneasters, magnolias, hollies, rhododendrons and viburnums. Macrophoma rot Macrophoma mangiferae The authors gratefully acknowledge the copy-editing service of Research and Development Office of PSU, and the helpful comments by Dr. Alan Geater, we appreciate it. Scabs were formed on heavily infected fruits. The edges of the spots may be wavy or feathered. Cephaleuros spp. Australasian Plant Disease Notes Andersen RA (ed) (2005) Algal culturing techniques, Elsvier Academic Press, London, 578 p, Bischoff HW, Bold HC (1963) Phycological studies. National Science Foundation, Colombo, 47 p, La Rue CD (1923) Two unreport parasite of Hevea brasiliensis. Stem borer of guava is one of the group of insect pests that bore or feeds on the stem of guava plant and cause damage or reduce the growth rate and productivity of guava plant. It has been previously reported that algal leaf spot disease on rubber plants in Sri Lanka is caused by Cephaleuros parasiticus (Karst) (Munasinghe 1961; Jayasinghe 2001 ). Some hosts may also have diseased twigs and branches that are girdled and stunted with reddish brown fruiting bodies. Part of Springer Nature. This confirms C. virescens as a causal organism of algal leaf spot disease on rambutan in southern Thailand. Phaeosphaerella mangiferae Phoma sorghina Pseudocercospora mali Pseudocercospora subsessilis Septoria sp. Leaf tissue may die beneath the spots and the leaves may yellow and drop prematurely. The spots are generally 1/2 inch or less in diameter although they may coalesce to form larger colonies. The purpose of our study was to identify and characterize Cephaleuros species present on Para rubber in Thailand. Causal Organism of Guava Stem Borer. Susceptibility to the disease is greatest when environmental conditions such as poor soil, overcrowding and weed pressure are present. Algal leaf and fruit spot The alga causes spots on leaves and fruits and thus reduces the photosynthetic activity of the plant. Verticillium lecanii. It is a fungus disease that attacks developing shoots and expanding leaves. In this study Cephaleuros virescens was found to be the causal organism of a leaf spot disease on Para rubber (Hevea brasiliensis).The algae caused circular orange to dark brown lesions on both leaf surfaces. Specimens of algae have also been deposited at the Culture Collection of the Pest Management Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, for further studies. PubMed Google Scholar. IV. Algal leaf spot is sometimes called green scurf because the spots may have a crusty, fuzzy or flaky appearance.