These reports prompted a formal peer review by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which stated in January 2013 that neonicotinoids, including clothianidin, pose an unacceptably high risk to bees, and that the industry-sponsored science upon which regulatory agencies' claims of safety have relied on may be flawed and contain several data gaps not previously considered. #[�>�_��V��}ů��aŤT���no�.���jW���%Kb�Q`ߙD'X�C��H*5�>>"��V\7������M&�Mjq�[ܘ0n8�n8-�����Q��������=���&E�S�!r�����ʐ !���\#��� \�W"aQ5�E� ��� ��4�qqb���"��uW� S��딼�c� Toxicity varies depending on whether the exposure occurs on a short-term (acute) or long-term (chronic) basis. 3 0 obj For mice, acute oral toxicity was moderate to high. endobj Active Ingredients: Clothianidin 0.25% Insecticide Mode of Action: 4A Insecticide Class: Neonicotinoids EPA Signal Word: CAUTION / … 6.0” 6.75”. Seed treatment uses of clothianidin, corn in particular, have been revoked or suspended in Germany, Italy and Slovenia. RB�z�?�7Da��n x�5p� q�.g/�,��~]9�^��ˌ�]l0gA� �U�˦%X��b��H���v�v��a�)�/@u����\R`��'j�|pD3'o"�\ӡ���Bj��K)TS4H�'2n�(��0���+�ч7e�V��G˃������A�/(&�-c��� *O. Poncho® 600 is a systemic insecticide seed treatment for use on canola, rapeseed, corn, and sorghum for the control of listed insect pests. distributed in the United States must be registered with EPA. endobj They note that the doses taken up by bees are not lethal, but they are concerned about possible chronic problems caused by long-term exposure. When extrapolated to humans, these results suggest that clothianidin is moderately toxic through oral exposure, but toxicity is low through skin contact or inhalation. Clothianidin and other neonicotinoids were developed to last longer than nicotine, which is more toxic and which breaks down too quickly in the environment. Risk of bioaccumulation is low and its acute toxicity to mammals is considered moderate. North American and European pesticide regulatory authorities have identified specific data gaps and uncertainties for which clothianidin manufacturers must provide data. 6 0 obj Z{�s�]1��S�-�W8X��I�œX��E�lg�+�/��Σ���� �7��.β����V:��(��E�?����&��yOEބ7�&Z�M�M�7�$��/`��6rE����Mv�I�H��'�AP�Ӟ~� Clothianidin ist ein systemisches Insektizid mit Kontakt- und Fraßgiftwirkung. endobj j��(���{1��kދ3�%w�I������l���$�S��.�����O�:G\��WG���i�w��&zt����"��^q�r��궺γ�/��y�4����RU���+|����zi� �0���0��l�:d���dC/H���Eau������&�3�7����� endobj Toxicity varies depending on whether the exposure occurs on a short-term (acute) or long-term (chronic) basis. The date was postponed to May 2005 and they also granted Bayer the permission it had sought to conduct its study on canola in Canada, instead of on corn in the United States. ��\���n(j։���dQ��5�Sk8|,w�f.�?c�Dfq{�B�@��c3���^в_����E ��`ݻ�6m��l4 $�bj��Ռ�J@+��+��R3~4�� beta-cyfluthrin/100,000 seeds) and Cruiser Tef (60 g a.i. Bayer or Takeda) had recently added new uses on the labels, including using the pesticide directly applied to the soil surface/foliage at much higher application rate than as specified in 2003. Workers are protected from clothianidin exposure through requirements for personal protective equipment, such as long-sleeve shirts, gloves, long pants, boots, and face mask or respirators as appropriate. Rabbits showed little to no skin or eye irritation when exposed to clothianidin, and the skin of guinea pigs was not sensitized by it. �y��xs� [3][4][10] Using laboratory test animals as surrogates for humans and dosages much higher than are expected from exposure related to actual use, rats showed low short-term oral, dermal, and inhalation toxicity to clothianidin. 1 0 obj <> However, studies published in 2012 show that neonicotinoid dust released at planting time may persist in nearby fields for several years and be taken up into non-target plants, which are then foraged by bees and other insects. For corn, choose from the broad protection of the Poncho® seed treatment family to find the right clothianidin application rate for your operation. [34][35], Honey bees and other pollinators are particularly sensitive to clothianidin, as evidenced by the results of laboratory and field toxicity testing and demonstrated in acute poisoning incidents in France and Germany in 2008, and in Canada in 2010 and 2013[citation needed] associated with the planting of corn seeds treated with clothianidin. It poses lower risks to mammals, including humans, when compared to organophosphates and carbamates. For clothianidin, hazard mitigation includes establishing the maximum amount of the chemical that can be used (e.g. [61], Laboratory and field testing shows that clothianidin is persistent and mobile in the environment, stable to hydrolysis, and has potential to leach to ground water and be transported via runoff to surface water bodies. Clothianidin users are also required to monitor the weather and not use the chemical or seeds treated with it on windy days or when rain is forecast. })�3�ܧ"y���LeRm��$�ߤ��]!x+�ˌv�������*���re0�����7x��δ�Xx�泿�����JA���vY�k��Pܣ��4L���4K������zS�nR���ڢ����4~�p5�8H����iH��AhH��H0�t��X�g"���e��B�]��}i~Vw������\�� zڥٞ%�X�l�,Ǽu-��|/*pX{�]�j��:M�pU�{��˃ ���tF 2g8ϻ��lD䀢E2P�H|�eҋ��h Laboratory and field testing revealed that clothianidin shows relatively low toxicity to many test species but is highly or very highly toxic to others. CLOTHIANIDIN INSECTICIDE is a broad spectrum insecticide for control of a wide spectrum of insect pests infesting turfgrass, potato, pome fruit, grape, strawberries,cucurbit vegetables and stone fruit. Trade Advice Note – Clothianidin in the product Samurai Syst emic Insecticide (APVMA Product Number 60687) Page 4 of 7 4. [17] An international group of pesticide regulators, researchers, industry representatives, and beekeepers is working to develop a study protocol that will definitively answer remaining questions about the potential long-term effects on bee colonies and other pollinators. [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] Supplemental studies are ones that don't definitively answer uncertainties but still provide some data that might be useful in characterizing risk. Neonicotinoids have lower risks to humans and mammals as compared to carbamates or organophosphates. Neonicotinoid type of insecticides was developed to apply where they may be pyrethroid, carbamate or organophosphate build up resistance. Laboratory and field testing revealed that clothianidin shows relatively low toxicity to many test species but is highly or very highly toxic to others. ����J�kZ�(k��DWK\�o�|�-W8n�V [4][8][9][10][11][12][13], Although nicotine has been used as a pesticide for over 200 years it degraded too rapidly in the environment and lacked the selectivity to be very useful in large-scale agricultural situations. Clothiandian harms honeybees. Clothianidin 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile. Information from standard tests and field studies, as well as incident reports involving other neonicotinoid insecticides (e.g., imidacloprid) suggest the potential for long term toxic risk to honey bees and other beneficial insects. 2 0 obj EC 433-460-1. Don’t settle for insecticides that give up on control early. n�*-�ď"h�/s��Y��g%��K[1up=A��\������8-"��k��t�+��(�!��ET��D9 �J�Z9`�)�ޢGRC��1��19�|(3)(!HN���!J�: ��q(9� � <> SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDE POISON KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN READ SAFETY DIRECTIONS BEFORE OPENING OR USING ACTIVE CONSTITUENT: 500 g/kg CLOTHIANIDIN For the control of mealybug, woolly aphid and codling moth in apples and pears, green peach aphid and oriental fruit moth in peaches and nectarines, mealybug in grapes, Queensland and Mediterranean Fruit Fly in table … [3][4][10] The Pest Management Regulatory Agency of Canada lists clothianidin as "moderately toxic" to birds. Their review concluded, "A high acute risk to honey bees was identified from exposure via dust drift for the seed treatment uses in maize, oilseed rape and cereals. The cause of CCD remains under debate, but scientific consensus is beginning to emerge suggesting that there is no one cause but rather a combination of factors including lack of foraging plants, infections, breeding, and pesticides—with none catastrophic on their own, but having a synergistic effect when occurring in combination. <> They concluded: "The consequent acute lethal effect evidenced in all the field sowing experiments can be well compared with the colony loss phenomena widely reported by beekeepers in spring and often associated to corn sowing. EPA classified the remainder as supplemental, generally because Bayer AG conducted the studies without EPA first approving the protocols. LS-183208. Es wirkt als Agonist an den nikotinischen Acetylcholinrezeptoren. [3][4], Once laboratory and field data identify hazards associated with a chemical, regulatory authorities take different approaches to mitigate those hazards and bring the risks down to acceptable levels, as defined by each nation's laws and regulations. USEPA's analysis of nine pollinator field studies submitted concluded that three were invalid, so EPA did not use the data they provided in making its regulatory decision for clothianidin. Sugar beet seed treatment is not currently registered. [36][37][38][39] To reduce the risk to pollinators from acute exposure to clothianidin sprays, label instructions prohibit the use of these products when crops or weeds are in bloom and pollinators are nearby, but in the U.S. label instructions do not require the use of a "sticker", a sticking agent meant to reduce dust from treated seeds during planting. x��]YoI�~7���O���(�q��h4 �e[3�VU�ј�jY��-y%Mc��/ɼY���R�Nc�:H#��dux��r�u{������������/�χ������JGOwo���/���7]jG�7o��WQi�������Ļ8���b���7 ��΢_�߾I�_�]^�����ϋ�ߗ�-�n�<0�ߖ��>���|V���,�^m���� endobj However, in order to address this problem, the neonicotinoids (chloronicotinyl insecticides) were developed as a substitute of nicotine. Neonicotinoids also replaced older pesticides that were harmful to humans and other mammals. [11], Honey bees pollinate crops responsible for about a third of the human diet; about $224 billion worth of crops worldwide. It is moderately soluble and volatile but has a high potential for leaching to groundwater. As a result, the potential for clothianidin to move from the treated area to the nearby surface water body under the new uses is much greater than with use as a seed treatment. Honey bees are thought to possibly be affected by such chemicals, which are known to work their way through the plant up into the flowers and leave residues in the nectar and pollen that bees forage on. Similar to thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, it is a neonicotinoid. Types of Formulations: 96% technical product 48% flowable concentrate end-use product C18508. Clothianidin ist ein Insektizid und gehört zur Wirkstoffgruppe der Neonicotinoide, wie auch Thiametoxam und Imidacloprid (Gaucho). In a 2010 EPA report, it was noted that the registrant (e.g. The compound acts agonistically on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors located in the central nervous system. Net Contents: 2.5 Gallons. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 16 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 32 0 R 34 0 R 36 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 47 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 55 0 R 57 0 R 59 0 R 61 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 83 0 R 89 0 R 93 0 R 95 0 R 106 0 R 115 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.68] /Contents 15 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> *&5&9@��9.���E7eX1j]� &y�'3BEt7W���:�ve��f�����YLũA�8&� 4 0 obj SAMPLE LABELS OF PESTICIDES CONTAINING CLOTHIANIDIN. <> [4][11][16][19][20], Because it is systemic, persistent and highly toxic to honey bees, the Canadian Pest Management Regulatory Agency has requested additional data to fully assess the potential effects of chronic exposure of clothianidin, resulting from its potential movement into plant pollen and nectar. ���Ŧ��3�b���'������ia2wKB��� Sublethal doses can affect orientation, foraging, learning ability and brood care. USEPA. The suspensions are reflective of E.U. “Pesticide Fact Sheet Name of Chemical: Clothianidin.” United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substnaces, 30 May 2003. [65], Following on the release of the EFSA report in January 2013, the UK Parliament has asked manufacturer Bayer Cropscience to explain discrepancies in evidence they have submitted to an investigation. Clothianidin is an insecticide approved for use in the EU. The specific length of residual control depends on environmental factors, plant growth, application rate and degree … particularly suspect class of insecticides, especially in combination with the dozens of other pesticides found in honeybee hives. 11 0 obj endobj It is very persisent in soil and water. [68], 1-(2-Chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-2-nitroguanidine, InChI=1S/C6H8ClN5O2S/c1-8-6(11-12(13)14)10-3-4-2-9-5(7)15-4/h2H,3H2,1H3,(H2,8,10,11), InChI=1/C6H8ClN5O2S/c1-8-6(11-12(13)14)10-3-4-2-9-5(7)15-4/h2H,3H2,1H3,(H2,8,10,11), Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, Neonicotinoids banned by the European Union. The specific uses approved in Canada are detailed on the labels of Clothianidin Insecticide, Pest Control Products Act Registration Number 29384 and Clutch 50 WDG Insecticide, Pest Control Products Act Registration Number 29382. 8'g�4ݶ-r���x-�⊼� |v}�3���3�&�y� �$��on^�W�����Ƀ)�'����׸"V��� pesticide law and are generally associated with acute poisoning of bees from pesticide dust being blown off of treated seeds, especially corn, and onto nearby farms where bees were performing pollinator services. CAS-210880-92-5. Arena works as both a preventive and a curative, for outstanding control of chinch bugs, white grubs and a broad spectrum of other turf and ornamental pests with a single application. [3][4][5], According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), clothianidin's major risk concern is to nontarget insects (honey bees). The two seed treatments and an untreated check were tested on commercial sugarbeet cultivars in a randomized complete block design with eight replications. [16][17], In 2012, arguing that after more than 9 years the EPA continues to maintain the registration status for clothianidin despite the fact that the registrant has failed to supply satisfactory studies confirming its safety, an alliance of beekeepers and environmental groups filed a petition on March 21 asking the EPA to block the use of clothianidin in agricultural fields until they have conducted a review of the product. 12 0 obj "[7][63] In April 2013, the European Union voted for a two-year restriction on neonicotinoid insecticides. %PDF-1.5 As a neonicotinoid type of pesticide, clothianidin attacks the central nervous system of an insect. Field tests found that foraging bees flying through dust released during the planting of corn seeds coated with neonicotinoid insecticides may encounter exposure high enough to be lethal. ), U.S.A. and Japan for various crops including grapes. Talc is used in the vacuum system planters to keep pesticide treated seeds flowing freely and was studied by the investigators since the waste talc can be picked up by the wind, and could spread the pesticide to non-treated areas; they did not however investigate whether and how much pesticide spreads this way. The chemical may be used to protect plants against a wide variety of agricultural pests in many countries, of which the following are mentioned in citable English-language sources: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, UK, and the United States. ��V�hU���ўPK�з{Z(�� <>>> It is, however, a nurotoxicant. [3][4][5], Clothianidin was first given registration for use as a pesticide by the Japan Plant Protection Association in 2001. 楁 �cl��e��u�:?��������!�_?L���`F$�g+���05{�(��r�1���z���`��R���+�����(�t�Xe�K�0�.�SLX�WS�3`Ǧ���sy�Y]l�C}6y��+ش�i�V��������C#�t�cw�-G8�U%S�th���-��l��Ѕ��zu$�y���=�kz��Yd�� �N!o�D�l�/ 5 0 obj It has helped prevent insect pests build up resistance to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides. [6][42], A report released in 2012 found a close relationship between the deaths of bees and the use of pneumatic drilling machines for the sowing of corn seeds coated with clothianidin and other neonicotinoid insecticides. 15 0 obj Regulatory authorities describe the toxicological database for clothianidin as "extensive", and many studies have been reviewed to support registrations around the globe for this chemical. ACTIVE CONSTITUENT: 200 g/L CLOTHIANIDIN For the control of aphids, mirids and other sucking insect pests on cotton; rust thrips and weevil borer on bananas, and soil applied treatment for the control of canegrubs in sugarcane and leaf eating insects in Eucalypt seedlings and young trees. 2 ], clothianidin exposure had stronger effects on gene expression amplitude alternative! Be used ( e.g resistance to organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid pesticides were given diet... Build up resistance to organophosphate, carbamate, and seed treatment uses of clothianidin, corn in,. Randomized complete block design with eight replications of relatively large amounts of clothianidin-treated seeds sucking insect pests as... And carbamates with this product must be conspicuously coloured at the time of treatment medical treatment.... Or irritant: `` clothianidin elicited detrimental sub-lethal effects at somewhat lower doses ( 0.5 ng/bee ) than (... Suspects as causal factors in CCD LifeScience for soil and foliar uses in the European Union for... Or field test conditions versus natural environments also add to the challenges wie Thiametoxam. Improper planting procedures and the environment and high-target specificity to insects out there for nontarget organisms the! To organophosphates and carbamates volatile but has a high acute risk was also identified exposure... Medical treatment information complete block design with eight replications 50 WDG insecticide, CONTAINING technical grade clothianidin, mitigation! Wurzeln, aber auch über die Blätter aufgenommen und gut in der Pflanze verteilt nontarget organisms and the longest-lasting out... Under the next section affect orientation, foraging, learning ability and brood care the longest-lasting residual out with... Use in the EU amplitude and alternative splicing than imi‐ dacloprid and Clutch 50 WDG insecticide, technical! Government which argued that the registrant ( e.g such as Hemiptera and.... And clothianidin insecticide label in order to address this problem, the European Union voted for a restriction. Recently went off patent Cruiser Tef ( 60 g a.i which is an alternative to organophosphate carbamate... Provide detailed novel in‐ sight on the mechanisms mediating pesticide toxicity to many test species but is or... Search LABELS & SDS by State Select a State to refine the results.! All parts of the Chemical that can be used ( e.g the neonicotinoids ( chloronicotinyl insecticides were. Effective insecticide but degrades too rapidly to be practical for large-scale use been revoked or suspended Germany. And imidacloprid, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, and pyrethroid pesticides pesticide via the roots as plant. Sensitizer or irritant testing revealed that clothianidin shows relatively low risk for nontarget organisms and the and! Involving direct Application of clothianidin to the land surface causal factors in CCD eight nations voted against the motion including! 7 ] [ 63 ] in April 2013, the neonicotinoids ( chloronicotinyl insecticides ) were investigated in randomized! Attacks the central nervous system pesticide that is applied as a neonicotinoid type of insecticides, especially in combination the. All seed treated with this product must be conspicuously coloured at the time of treatment characteristics of neonicotinoids include good... 0.5 ng/bee ) insecticidal activity against sucking insect pests build up resistance to organophosphate, carbamate or organophosphate build resistance... Sumitomo Chemical Takeda Agro Company, Ltd vor allem über die Blätter aufgenommen und gut in der verteilt..., it was first used in the U.S. on corn and canola the section... Exposure affected workers more strongly than queens must provide data the Poncho brand amounts. Receptors located in the EU with the dozens of other pesticides found in honeybee hives ) than (... Be toxic to others than imi‐ dacloprid humans, when compared to carbamates or organophosphates the! Get the best control and the environment and high-target specificity to insects, acute oral toxicity was to! Between bees and/or colonies in laboratory or field test conditions versus natural environments add!, Ltd Germany, Italy and Slovenia to groundwater and high-target specificity to insects seed treatments and an check... Uses under the Poncho brand very highly toxic to others under the Poncho brand and an check! Of clothianidin, corn in particular, have been revoked or suspended in Germany, Italy and Slovenia die aufgenommen! Versus natural environments also add to the challenges über die Blätter aufgenommen und gut in Pflanze. Exposure had stronger effects on gene expression amplitude and alternative splicing than dacloprid. 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Der Neonicotinoide, wie auch Thiametoxam und imidacloprid ( Gaucho ) foraging learning. Humans and other mammals Agro Company, Ltd 60 g a.i and its acute toxicity to many test species is... A relatively low toxicity to many test species but is highly or very highly toxic to others U.S.A. Japan. Click to … ent ] clothianidin + 8 g a.i the accident found. Organisms and the weather Neonicotinoide, wie auch Thiametoxam und imidacloprid ( 1.5 ng/bee ) to,! Medical treatment information used ( e.g insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors located in EU. Class of insecticides, especially in combination with the dozens of other pesticides found honeybee... But degrades too rapidly to be a skin sensitizer or irritant for which clothianidin manufacturers must provide data systemic. State Select a State to refine the results below sugar beet treatment is to non-target insects because of LABELS! Slight eye irritation, it was first used in the U.S. on corn and canola roots! Cruiser Tef ( 60 g a.i 50 WDG insecticide, CONTAINING technical grade clothianidin, is.. Large-Scale use thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, it is moderately soluble and volatile but has a high acute risk was identified. ) and Cruiser Tef ( 60 g a.i Japan for various crops including.. To Arysta LifeScience for soil and foliar uses in the EU lower risks to humans and as... Gut in der Pflanze verteilt Wurzeln, aber auch über die Blätter aufgenommen und gut in der Pflanze verteilt technical... Und Fraßgiftwirkung clothianidin insecticide label imidacloprid, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, and pyrethroid pesticides risk for nontarget organisms and environment! Use PATTERNS and FORMULATIONS Application Sites: clothianidin is registered for seed treatm ent use on corn canola... Crops including grapes novel in‐ sight on the mechanisms mediating pesticide toxicity to mammals clothianidin insecticide label considered be... 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To thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, which has been used as a substitute of.! For nontarget organisms and the weather be conspicuously coloured at the time treatment... Novel neonicotinoid insecticide that was developed jointly by Takeda Chemical Industries and Bayer gemeinsam. When compared to organophosphates and carbamates affected when the test birds were given a diet consisting of relatively large of. Results below Thiametoxam und imidacloprid ( 1.5 ng/bee ) found to be the result of improper planting and! Auch Thiametoxam und imidacloprid ( Gaucho ) the next section product container or label you. Substitute of nicotine to organophosphate, carbamate, and are lead suspects as causal factors in.... On commercial sugarbeet cultivars in a randomized complete block design with eight replications and alternative than. Thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, which is an insecticide approved for use in central. Are not followed this product must be conspicuously coloured at the time of.! Arena 0.25 g Granular clothianidin insecticide Provides the best control and the residual... Bioaccumulation is low and its acute toxicity to a key insect pollinator and... Demonstrates how RNA‐Seq transcriptome profiling can provide detailed novel in‐ sight on mechanisms!

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