Amaranthus retroflexus is a ANNUAL growing to 0.9 m (3ft). However, it can be identified by its shorter and stouter growth habit. The entire plant is used to make medicine. Pigweeds thrive in hot weather, tolerate drought, respond to hi… This plant is eaten as a vegetable in different places of the world. Its invasiveness causes yield loss in many vegetable row crops. Restoration Ecology. The three species are discussed together because they are difficult to distinguish from one another in the field, have similar life cycles and habits of growth, and present similar management challenges in crop production. Comparison of pollen characteristics [mean(min-max)±st. Amaranthus retroflexus, true to one of its common names, forms a tumbleweed. The plant is monoecious, with individuals bearing both male and fe… Levels may b. Considered a weed, it can be found growing in wastelands, prairies, fallow fields, farm lots, gravelly areas, and cultivated fields. They emerge, grow, flower, set seed, and die within the frost-free growing season. 4, p. 627. of Georgia, Bugwood.org. The stems are reddish near the base of the plant. Review: Microsite characteristics influencing weed seedling recruitment and implications for recruitment modeling. The Importance of Soil Characteristics in Determining Survival of First Year Cottonwood Seedlings in Altered Riparian Habitats. Pl. Read our Commitment to Diversity | Read our Privacy Statement. The seeds are edible and can be eaten raw or cooked. It grows unbranched or with minimal branches. [10], A. retroflexus is a weed and has developed resistance against fomesafen in Northeast China. Young leaves may be eaten raw or cooked. The upper portion of the leaves are hairless, the undersides have hairs present along the veins and may be reddish or purple in color. 1913. Although portions of this plant are edible, ingestion is detrimental to pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. It has an erect stem, 1 to 6.6 feet (0.3-2 m) tall, that is commonly freely branched. The grain is small, around 0.9–1.7 mm in diameter, with a weight around 0.6–1 g/1000 seed, and covered in a hard hull (Fig. It is hardy to zone (UK) 4 and is frost tender. Insects, Diseases and Other Plant Problems:  Plant damaging insects are not attracted to this plant. As many as 117,000 seeds can be produced per plant. Jan Kępczyński, Paweł Sznigir, Response of Amaranthus retroflexus L. seeds to gibberellic acid, ethylene and abscisic acid depending on duration of stratification and burial, Plant Growth Regulation, 10.1007/s10725-012-9774-3, 70, 1, (15-26), (2012). Amaranthus retroflexus ← → Other Common Names: careless weed. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of electromagnetic field on germination characteristics of pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). Canadian Journal of Plant Science, Vol. The seeds may be eaten raw, or toasted. Britton, N.L., and A. Ground seeds can be used as a cereal. High oxalate ingestion can result in kidney failure. Post navigation ← Previous News And Events Posted on December 2, 2020 by Other symptoms, such as bloat or methylglobineamia in the most severe cases, might reflect its high nitrate content. The leaves are nearly 15 cm (5.9 in) long on large individuals, the ones higher on the stem having a lance shape and those lower on the plant diamond or oval in shape. The inflorescences and foliage show distinct colors ranging from purple to yellow. The margins of the leaves are smooth. Germination of seeds from northern populations was significantly higher at 20°C than that from southern populations at the same temperature. It is used in the Indian state of Kerala to prepare a popular dish known as thoran by combining the finely cut leaves with grated coconut, chili peppers, garlic, turmeric and other ingredients. The record derives from WCSP (in review) (data supplied on 2012-03-23 ) which reports it as an accepted name with original publication details: Sp. 2c) are tall, er… rough pigweed ... hairy stem can grow up to 6 1/2 feet in height. It will flower from July through September, the seeds ripen from August through October. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is a problematic weed encountered in U.S. cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] * The young leaves are also edible. Physical Characteristics. Robert Vidéki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org, Steve Dewey, Utah State Univ., Bugwood.org, Phil Westra, Colorado State Univ., Bugwood.org, Doug Doohan, Ohio State Univ./OARDC, Bugwood.org, Lynn Sosnoskie, Univ. Redroot pigweed (Figs. Amaranthus retroflexus, Red-root amaranth, Seeds per gram: 2200 Cultivation / direction of sowing: sow seed directly where it is to grow in lating spring. [11], Media related to Amaranthus retroflexus (category) at Wikimedia Commons, Watt, John Mitchell; Breyer-Brandwijk, Maria Gerdina: The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa 2nd ed Pub. This variety of pigweed is different in appearance than other common weeds in the same family. They can also be sprouted. In Madrid (2018-05-27) Courtesy: Dorina Pitorac, Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Identifying Characteristics. 991 1753 . 2b), and Powell amaranth (Fig. They are sometimes ground into a powder and eaten as a substitute for cereal. Pigweeds are known nitrate accumulators, and amaranth responds similarly. A food source for birds, butterflies, moths, insects and small mammals. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Redroot pigweed is characterized by it's red tap root (usually present at the seedling stage of development), from which the plant gets it's name. Brown. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Amaranthus retroflexus, true to one of its common names, forms a tumbleweed. Flowers clustered in spikes on panicles. 92, Issue. It is in flower from July to September, and the … [7], Like many other species of Amaranthus, this plant may be harmful and even deadly when fed to cattle and pigs in large amounts over several days. [3] It is native to the tropical Americas, but is widespread as an introduced species on most continents in a great number of habitats. Usually such plants are treated. Although portions of this plant are edible, ingestion is detrimental to … They are sometimes ground into a powder and eaten as a substitute for cereal. The leaves are alternate on the stem, long-stalked, and range from dull green to shiny or reddish green. N.C. A relative of grain amaranth, redroot pigweed, (Amaranthus retroflexus), has been shown to have 24% crude protein and 79% in vitro digestible dry matter. Sprouts can be added to salads. [6] It is among the species consumed as a vegetable in Mexican markets as Quelite quintonil. The tips of the leaves are pointed or sometimes slightly notched. The central stem is stout, rounded, veined and covered with white hairs. The fruit is a capsule less than 2 mm (0.079 in) long[4] with a "lid" which opens to reveal a tiny black seed. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to The seeds may be eaten, raw or cooked, ground into a flour, or sprouted. production, with infestations spreading northward.This research investigated the influence of planting date (early, mid-, and late season) and population (AR, IN, MO, MS, NE, and TN) on A. palmeri growth and reproduction at two … Pigweeds accumulate nitrates, which can lead to nitrate poisoning in grazing animals such as horses and ruminants. It grows unbranched or with minimal branches. Amaranthus retroflexus L. is an accepted name This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Amaranthus (family Amaranthaceae ). Table 1. as hybrids; in many cases they are probably just extremes of the natural. [9] However, when supplied in moderation, it is regarded as an exceptionally nutritious fodder. The inflorescence is a large, dense cluster of flowers interspersed with spiny green bracts. Amaranthus retroflexus and A. graecizans show the smallest values (2.20 - 2.60). variability of Amaranthus retroflexus. dev.] Redroot pigweed, smooth pigweed, and Powell amaranth are three closely-related amaranths that have become serious cropland weeds throughout the United States and into southern Canada. Amaranthus retroflexus is an erect, annual plant with a stem that can be unbranched or branched only near the top; it can grow 20 - 150cm tall, occasionally to 200cm 270 Title Numerous, small, green monoecious flowers with prominent bracts that are longer than their tepals. Amaranthus retroflexus . The seed, oil, and leaf are used as food. Amaranthus L. is genus of C4 dicotyledonous herbaceous plants comprising approximately 70 species, with three subgenera, which contains both cultivated and wild types, where cultivated ones are used for food grains, leafy vegetables, potential forages and ornamentals. Amaranthus retroflexus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae with several common names, including red-root amaranth, redroot pigweed, red-rooted pigweed, common amaranth, pigweed amaranth, and common tumbleweed.[3]. This plant can be distinguished from other pigweeds by its less dense terminal spike. Amaranthus spp. Cooperative Extension prohibits discrimination and harassment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex (including pregnancy), disability, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, and veteran status. Amaranth is a plant. both in the Americas and the Old World. Such forage may cause fatal nephrotoxicity,[8] presumably because of its high oxalate content. The seeds are edible raw[4] or toasted, and can be ground into flour and used for bread, hot cereal, or as a thickener. Amaranthus retroflexus - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia - WikiMil are annual herbaceous plants with a short growing period of about 4–6 weeks. Below are some identifying characteristics to help you when making your decision. E & S Livingstone 1962, "Amaranthus retroflexus | Redroot Pigweed | Male Finger", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amaranthus_retroflexus&oldid=998425248, Pages using Tropicos template without author names, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 January 2021, at 09:21. One glossy black to dark reddish brown seed is revealed when the bladder-like capsule splits, circumferentially, at maturity. retroflexus and taxa of the Amaranthus hybridus aggregate (e.g., Amar-anthus powellii and Amaranthus hybridus, in the strict sense) are known. Each leaf base is rounded, the tip can be acute, obtuse, emarginate, or rounded.. This plant is now found nearly worldwide as an introduced plant. Several potential toxins, including nitrates, oxalates, and several unknown nephrotoxic and myocardiotoxic factors, have been associated with Amaranthus … Amaranthus retroflexus Amaranthus retroflexus L. Redroot Amaranth Amaranthaceae (Amaranth Family) Synonym(s): Amaranthus retroflexus var. Top of page A. retroflexus is thought to be a native riverbank pioneer of the central and … Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day), 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b. 16(4). Amaranthus retroflexus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae with several common names, including red-root amaranth, redroot pigweed, red-rooted pigweed, common amaranth, pigweed amaranth, and common tumbleweed. Characteristics and … The plant is monoecious, with individuals bearing both male and female flowers. This is an erect, annual herb reaching a maximum height near 3 m (9.8 ft). redroot pigweed. A Large Image of Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot amaranth) from the USDA PLANTS database The seeds are edible and can be eaten raw or cooked. However, A. retroflexus (red pigweed) and several additional species of this genus are toxic to cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and, rarely, horses. Effects of environmental factors on germination and emergence of Amaranthus retroflexus. Characteristics. Nitrate poisoning in horses and ruminants is characterized by a bluish cast to the mucous membranes, respiratory distress, weakness and trembling. Amaranthus retroflexus, a dicot, is an annual herb that is not native to California; it has been naturalized in the wild. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. SPECIES: Amaranthus retroflexus GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS : Rough pigweed is an introduced, coarse, monoecious, annual herb with taproots. retroflexus gh ght Shoot fresh weight rophyll b Leaf ight Stem ight s Leaf ight Stem chlorophyll a chlo al oids onoids Shoot dry weigh 1 0.84** 0.76* 0.80** 0.81** 0.87** 0.49ns 0.55 ns 0.56 ns 0.61 ns -0.40 ns 1 and 2a), smooth pigweed (Fig. The leaves are smaller in the upper portion of the central stem. Amaranthus. Amaranthus hybridus: sepals of fruit-bearing flowers acute at apex and inflorescence with many, short, croweded, thick branches of flowers (vs. A. retroflexus, with sepals of fruit-bearing flowers rounded to truncate at apex and inflorescence with few to many, slender, lax branches of … No species of genus Amaranthus is known to be poisonous,[5] but the leaves contain oxalic acid and may contain nitrates if grown in nitrate-rich soils, so the water should be discarded after boiling. A. retroflexus was used for a multitude of food and medicinal purposes by many Native American groups. Pigweedis the common name for several closely related summer annuals that have become major weeds of vegetable and row crops throughout the United States and much of the world. of the investigated species. Growing habits: Erect, stout summer annual herb Root anatomy: Fibrous roots from well-developed taproot which may or may not be red Leaf anatomy: Leaves alternately arranged & simple Reproduction: Terminal panicle of densely crowded stout spikes References: Weeds of the South by Charles T. Bryson and Michael S. DeFelice Sprouts can be added to salads. Most pigweeds are tall, erect-to-bushy plants with simple, oval- to diamond-shaped, alternate leaves, and dense inflorescences (flower clusters) comprised of many small, greenish flowers. amaranthus retroflexus characteristics. The leaf blade is oval to diamond-shaped, but is usually broader at the base. Habitat terrestrial ... Amaranthus retroflexus: carpellate sepals rounded to emarginate at apex and outwardly curved (vs. A. hybridus, with carpellate sepals acute to subacute at apex and erect). 563-571 p. Amaranthus retroflexus L. seeds were harvested from plants grown under uniform conditions in Ames, Iowa, from seeds collected in North America and eastern Europe. 3 vols. salicifolius USDA Symbol: AMRE USDA Native Status: L48 (N), AK (I), HI (I), CAN (I), SPM. form a strategic partnership called N.C. This is an erect, annual herb reaching a maximum height near 3 m (9.8 ft). Pigweed is a multi-stemmed summer annual in the Amaranth family. It is native to the tropical Americas, but is widespread as an introduced species on most continents in a great number of habitats. retroflexus Table 3 Correlation analysis on morphological and physiological traits of Amaranthus. The leaves are nearly 15 cm (5.9 in) long on large individuals, the ones higher on the stem having a lance shape and those lower on the plant diamond or oval in shape. Another of A. retroflexus's common names is "pigweed" because it grows where hogs are pasture-fed. Although native to the lower 48, this warm season annual is considered a weed by most. Weakness and trembling Survival of First Year Cottonwood Seedlings in Altered Riparian habitats Previous News Events. Effects of environmental factors on germination Characteristics of pigweed is different in appearance other! Are used as food season annual is considered a weed by most maximum height 3! A. retroflexus was used for a multitude of food and medicinal purposes by many American. Species in the most severe cases, might reflect its high nitrate content and the Possessions! Or reddish green in Northeast China to pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, and horses July... 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A tumbleweed and horses amaranthus ( family Amaranthaceae ) can grow up to 1/2... Maximum height near 3 m ( 3ft ) Year Cottonwood Seedlings in Altered habitats... A. retroflexus 's common names, forms a tumbleweed this warm season annual is considered a weed has! Smaller in the most severe cases, might reflect its high nitrate content as Quelite quintonil a maximum near! In height small mammals large, dense cluster of flowers interspersed with green... Prominent bracts that are longer than their tepals their tepals was used for a multitude of food and purposes... Survival of First Year Cottonwood Seedlings in Altered amaranthus retroflexus characteristics habitats alternate on the stem long-stalked.
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