2. The exciting part of this diode is that we can choose the Zener diode with a suitable breakdown voltage to work as a voltage regulator in our circuit. Sorry!, This page is not available for now to bookmark. Pro Lite, Vedantu In the reverse bias condition the Zener diode is an open circuit and only a small leakage current is flowing as shown on the exaggerated plot. Nov 25, 2020 - Zener diode as a voltage regulator - Semiconductor Electronics Class 12 Video | EduRev is made by best teachers of Class 12. Now lets solve an example problem that illustrates the Zener diode as a voltage regulator. 1. When forward biased, it behaves like a normal signal diode, but when the reverse voltage is applied to it, the voltage remains constant for a wide range of currents. Figure 2 shows the current versus voltage curve for a Zener diode. The breakdown voltage of Zener diodes will be constant for a wide range of current. you are here->home->Physics->Class 12->Zener Diode. But when it is reverse biased above a certain voltage known as zener breakdown voltage or zener voltage or avalanche point or zener knee voltage the voltage remains constant for a wide range of current.. Clarence Zener is the scientist who discovered this electrical property and the device is … When the input voltage is less than the breakdown voltage (V z), very small current flows through the diode and the whole input appears across the output terminals. It maintains a constant output voltage even when input voltage V i or load current I L varies. Zener Diode as DC voltage regulator. Similarly, the current through the diode decreases when the voltage across the diode tends to decrease. The zener diode thus acts as a simple voltage regulator. 5. Zener Diodes have a sharp reverse breakdown voltage and breakdown voltage will be constant for a wide rang of currents. The reverse characteristic is obtained by taking reverse voltage along – ve … A Zener diode can limit the voltage across it, making it a voltage regulator! The DC output voltage remains constant when the input varies within the limits as the voltage regulator is used. Ans. The primary objective of the Zener diode as a voltage regulator is to maintain a constant voltage. Zener Diode as a Voltage Regulator. The zener diode will continue in regulating the voltage till the zener diode current falls below the minimum I z min value in the reverse breakdown region. Subsequently, a P-N junction silicon semiconductor is used to make Zener diode regulator instead of any ordinary junction diode. Zener diodes are widely used as voltage references and as shunt regulators to regulate the voltage across small circuits. If the voltage is above a certain level, only then Zener diode will allow flowing a current in reverse direction and this required voltage for reverse current to flow in Zener diode is known as the breakdown voltage. Zener diode helps us in making of a voltage regulator. Funded by MeitY (Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology) English हिंदी മലയാളം मराठी . Procedure. Ans. Zener diode is used as a Shunt voltage regulator for regulating voltage across small loads. However, this forward flow of current can be reversed if the voltage surpasses a specific value which is known as the breakdown or Zener voltage. The action of the circuit can be explained as given below: Load current varies, the input voltage is constant: Let us consider that the load current increases. 1. Vedantu academic counsellor will be calling you shortly for your Online Counselling session. Zener diode as a voltage regulator: A Zener diode working in the breakdown region can serve as a voltage regulator. Viva Voce. The voltage difference between the input voltage V S and V Z will be dropped across the resistance R. Zener diode is connected parallel to the load to make it reverse bias and once the Zener diode exceeds knee voltage, the voltage across the load will become constant. In this Physics video in Hindi for class 12 we explained, with diagram, how Zener diode is used as voltage regulator. Further, the application of reverse voltage on the Zener diode ensures that the voltage remains constant for a significant range of current. Figure 2 shows the current versus voltage curve for a Zener diode. The experiment shows that in both conditions, it acts as a voltage regulator as it allows current to flow without showing any fluctuation in output voltage. In this experiment, a voltage versus current graph is drawn, which shows the forward and reverse bias given to the diode. When the minimum input voltage and the maximum load current is applied, the Zener diode current should always be minimum. when the voltage across the zener diode exceeds its zener voltage rating VZ) . The normal AC voltage, Vp = 220V(rms) and can vary +10% during charging. The zener diode is designed to operate in the reverse break down region and has a predetermined reverse break down voltage V z. Zener diode. The fact that the voltage across the diode in the breakdown region is almost constant turns out to be an important application of the zener diode as a voltage regulator . The low value is required so as to allow the maximum flow of current through the diode, connected in parallel. Video. A 5 V stabilized power supply is required to be produced from a 12 V DC power supply input source. At this point, the current begins flowing seamlessly without any change in voltage. Zener Diodes are widely used as Shunt Voltage Regulators to regulate voltage across small loads. Zener diode is connected parallel to the load to make it reverse bias and once the Zener diode exceeds knee voltage, the voltage across the load will become constant. Zener diode is used as Shunt voltage regulator for regulating voltage across small loads. When reverse biased voltage applied to the zener diode reaches zener voltage, it starts allowing large amount of electric current. Zener diode is specifically designed for this purpose. Learn the concepts of Class 12 Physics Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits with Videos and Stories. Due to this feature, it is used as a voltage regulator in d.c. circuit. Explain, giving reason. Thus, a constant voltage called Zener voltage (V z) is maintained across the Zener diode when the supply voltage changes. The reason behind this is, an ordinary diode may get damaged if you apply a voltage greater than its breakdown voltage in reverse bias. pn junction and zener diode 12 class project.ppt 1. in DEPARTMENT OF PHYICS MOTHER TERESA SR. SEC. Zener diode voltage regulator circuit. Let us say if Zener voltage of 5 V is used then, the voltage becomes constant at 5 V, and it does not change. The battery is charging with a constant current 20mA. Your email address will not be published. By controlling the doping level, the breakdown region can be set during the manufacturing of the diode. Zener Diode Voltage Regulators S Bharadwaj Reddy June 3, 2017 December 12, 2018 Zener Diodes can be used to produce a stabilised voltage output with low ripple under varying load current conditions. In spite of changes in the load current or in the input voltage, the Zener diode maintains a constant voltage across the load. The resistance box is connected as load across the zener diode and the regulated voltage across it is measured using the multimeter. In this video, let's explore how a Zener diode can be used to regulate voltage. Zener Diode as a Voltage Regulator Zener diode is a silicon semiconductor with a p-n junction that is specifically designed to work in the reverse biased condition. The voltage drop across R L is 12 V, V in has values between 20 V and 35 V. The minimum current through R Over voltage protection is done by using Zener diodes because there is current flowing through the diode after the reverse bias voltage exceeds a certain voltage . When the Zener diode is given reverse bias feedback, there is a small leakage current until it attains the breakdown voltage or a constant voltage. A Zener diode is used to get constant DC voltage from a DC unregulated output of a rectifier. Zener diode is used as Shunt voltage regulator for regulating voltage across small loads. Zener diode as voltage regulator. This silicon semiconductor is designed to function in the condition of reverse bias. As Voltage Regulator 12. This zener diode voltage regulator circuit uses a Zener diode to establish a reference voltage. Zener Diode as a voltage regulator. By studying these concepts, you will be able to explain Zener diode as a voltage regulator in a better way and solve exercise questions. The Zener diode is a unique sort of diode having a sharp reduce off voltage for the […] To maintain a constant voltage across the load, even if the input voltage or load current varies, voltage. Function of Zener Diode in Voltage Regulator Abstract The strength property which we use may not be capable to grant us normal voltage. This is how zener diode is used as voltage regulator. Because of this sudden rise in electric current, breakdown occurs called zener … 3 Zener diode applications. Refer to the voltage reference circuit to set the resistance R 1. 3(b) to charge a rechargeable battery of voltage V8 = 10V. VZ  = VL. However, the Zener Diode or Breakdown Diode, as they are sometimes referred too, are basically the same as the standard PN junction diode but they are specially designed to have a low and specified Reverse Breakdown Voltage which takes advantage of any reverse voltage applied to it. This voltage at which seamless current flow begins is known as the breakdown voltage. Hence, it acts as a voltage regulator. However, this would not be possible with a standard diode. The typical forward voltage at room temperature with a current of around 1 mA is around 0.6 volts. Zener diode is connected parallel to the load to make it reverse bias and once the Zener diode exceeds knee voltage, the voltage across the load will become constant. For example a 3.6V volt Zener Diode has breakdown voltage at 3.6V i.e. When the Zener diode is given reverse bias feedback, there is a small leakage current until it attains the breakdown voltage or a constant voltage. Thus we will connect the zener diode parallel to the load such that the applied voltage will reverse bias it. For example, if you happen to pass a 6V reverse voltage through a diode of 3V, then the measure of voltage across the diode will be 3V only. Following is the link explaining the difference between Zener breakdown and Avalanche breakdown: The circuit diagram of a voltage regulator using a Zener diode is shown: Current through the diode increases when the voltage across the diode tends to increase which results in the voltage drop across the resistor. The Figure shows the fuction of zener diode as voltage regulator.The diode is selected in such a way that its breakdown voltage is equal to the desired output voltage. Chapter: 11th 12th std standard Class Physics sciense Higher secondary school College Notes | Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki description explanation, brief detail | Posted On : 14.03.2016 05:16 am . Video. The reverse characteristic is obtained by taking reverse voltage along – ve X-axis and reverse current along –ve Y-axis. Here, the voltage drop across the resistor is very less, and the output voltage results normally. when voltage equal to or greater than the breakdown voltage(3.6V) is applied across the Zener Diode in reverse direction the Zener Breakdown occurs and the output voltage of the Zener Diode becomes fixed at 3.6V. In a DC circuit, Zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator or to provide voltage reference. When the breakdown occurs in Rectifier as well as Zener diode, it is known as Zener breakdown. Procedure . The main use of zener diode lies in the fact that the voltage across a Zener diode remains constant for a larger change in current. In Zener diode, there is a conventional current flow from anode to cathode. By now we know that even if we use a rectifier to convert AC input voltage, the output fluctuates too. Ans. It is a system wherein a constant voltage level is maintained either using positive feedback or negative feedback. At this point, a small increase in reverse voltage will rapidly increases the electric current. Required fields are marked *. Viva Voce. This semiconductor is manufactured in a wide variety of voltages and powers. How Zener Diode Act as a Voltage Regulator? The breakdown voltage of Zener diodes will be constant for a wide range of current. Since the input voltage and the required output voltage is known, it is easier to choose a Zener diode with a voltage approximately equal to the load voltage, i.e. Let us say if Zener voltage of 5 V is used then, the voltage becomes constant at 5 V, and it does not change. In breakdown the voltage across the Zener diode is close to constant over a wide range of currents thus making it useful as a shunt voltage regulator. We have discussed the application of Zener diode as voltage regulator and now we will discuss the other two points. The current flows without much restriction while there can be a voltage drop of about 0.3 to 0.7 Volts. (Actually, to be certain the zener diode could handle the power, I placed two 12 volt zeners in parallel. Materials required: Battery; Rheostat; Small resistance (200 Ω) Milliammeter; Voltmeter; Key; Zener diode; Real Lab Procedure: Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. This circuit provides safety for the equipment connected at the terminals. To have a detailed understanding of Zener diode and its working, you should also read up on the related concepts. Here is a link to step by step physics experiment of Zener diode as a voltage regulator and how its made. Furthermore, you must refer to the image below to see how Zener diode can be used as voltage regulator. Here, look at the schematic symbol and appearance of a Zener diode. In this video, let's explore how a Zener diode can be used to regulate voltage. The output voltage of regulator system is fixed as the zener knee voltage of the zener diode and can be used in power devices requiring a fixed voltage of firm value. This video is highly rated by Class 12 students and has been viewed 628 times. The unregulated voltage is connected through a potential divider arrangement using the rheostat. 2. Zener Diode Voltage Regulators S Bharadwaj Reddy June 3, 2017 December 12, 2018 Zener Diodes can be used to produce a stabilised voltage output with low ripple under varying load current conditions. Zener diode. Pro Lite, Vedantu Ans. Pro Lite, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 12. Therefore, the constant voltage helps Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator. Here, the output voltage is balanced even if there is fluctuation in voltage supply. Wir erinnern uns aus den vorangegangenen Tutorials, dass die … When connected in parallel with a variable voltage source so that it is reverse biased, a Zener diode conducts when the voltage reaches the diode's reverse breakdown voltage. You can even download our Vedantu app and access every related study material. At this point, the current begins flowing seamlessly without any change in voltage. Feedback. We are going use it's reverse breakdown characteristics. Zener diode and Zener diode as voltage regulator. 3. Zener Diode is Designed to Function in Which Region Without Having Any Damage? The circuit is wired up as shown in the figure. The primary objective of the Zener diode as a voltage regulator is to maintain a constant voltage. To keep the output voltage constant at the desired value in spite of variations in the supply voltage. Zener Diode as a voltage. Minimum reverse current is required for voltage regulation to keep diode in the breakdown region. I happened to check the output of the 12 volt wall transformer and found it was 13.4 volts. Zener diodes have voltage values from less than 2 volts to several hundred volts, and they can dissipate power ranging from 0.25 to 50 watts… or more. A 4V7 zener diode is used as a voltage regulator as shown in the diagram below. Simulator. Theory. We are going use it's reverse breakdown characteristics. Observe the nearly constant voltage in the breakdown region. Zener Diode. Why is zener diode used as a voltage regulator? In ‘on’ state , the voltage across zener diode remains constant until the voltage across it deops less than VZ . Fig 2:Zener diode characteristic curve The forward bias region of a Zener diode is identical to that of a regular diode. There is a series resistor connected to the circuit in order to limit the current into the diode. Principle of zener diode. This is a circuit diagram of a Zener diode used as a voltage regulator. It works in such a way the reverse-biased can also work in breakdown conditions. 6 Result The breakdown potential, also called the zener potential i.e V z ≈ 6.30V. After it attains a voltage VZ, there is unrestricted current flow in the system. [HOTS; Foreign 2010] Ans. 33 6.34 12.9 34 6.35 14.7 35 6.36 19.7 36 6.367 20.7 On plotting V vs I graph, we get the following: 3. The zener diode thus acts as a simple voltage regulator. Feedback Cite this Simulator: Developed by Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham & CDAC Mumbai. 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